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Why change current engine designs?
It has always been known that internal combustion engines are inefficient. All fuels have a given potential energy, which when burnt in an internal combustion engine creates power.
The power produced is far less than the fuels energy potential, so engine losses are measured and we account for all the lost energy.
The major losses are:
      ● Exhaust losses
      ● Heat transfer losses
The moderate losses are:
      ● Pumping losses
      ● Combustion losses
      ● Mechanical friction losses
      ● Parasitic losses

These losses are quoted by almost everyone worldwide in the engine and automotive business, and are believed to be true and correct.
Each engine has it’s own characteristics which are dependent on many things such as top end design, operational range and capacity. For this reason we have not provided the actual percentages as they do vary.
The image right is a graphical representation of what we expect to be the losses from a conventional petrol engine.
When all the measured losses are added together it accounts for almost 100% of the fuel’s potential energy. Given this fact, no one has taken a further look at the reasoning behind the calculation, or what actually should be measured and added into the equation.

Engine development over the last century has not achieved any major gains in efficiency. It is believed that to increase engine efficiency further, a reduction in the pre-mentioned losses must be achieved.
Copyright Revetec Holdings Limited 2009